Introduction
CNC machine tools are indispensable and important equipment in modern manufacturing, and high-speed electric spindles play a key role in them. Their unique technical characteristics and superior performance enable CNC machine tools to achieve high-efficiency and high-precision processing tasks. So, why do CNC machine tools need to be equipped with high-speed electric spindles? This article will discuss in detail the importance and application advantages of high-speed electric spindles from the aspects of high-speed bearing technology, cooling technology, lubrication technology, etc.
High-speed bearing technology
High-speed bearing technology is one of the core technologies for realizing the precision and high-speed operation of CNC lathes. It plays an indispensable role in improving the overall performance of products. At present, in the research and development of electric spindles in China, commonly used bearings include liquid hydrostatic bearings, magnetic bearings, precision rolling bearings and gas hydrostatic bearings. If there are higher requirements for the overall performance of CNC lathes, high-quality precision cylindrical roller bearings or angular contact ceramic ball bearings must be equipped. In particular, angular contact ceramic ball bearings have been widely used in modern electric spindles due to their excellent radial bearing capacity and axial load capacity. It has the advantages of simple structure, excellent high-speed performance, high rigidity, and a variety of types and specifications. It has become one of the leading product types of modern electric spindles.
Cooling technology
The electric spindle in the CNC lathe contains two main heat sources, namely the heat of the spindle bearing and the built-in motor. If these heat sources cannot be effectively controlled, it may cause thermal deformation of the CNC lathe, thereby reducing the processing accuracy and the overall service life of the equipment. Since the electric spindle mostly adopts a built-in spindle structure, the motor is located inside the spindle unit, and the traditional fan heat dissipation method cannot be used. Therefore, effective technical measures must be adopted to accelerate the dissipation of heat. Studies have shown that when the electric spindle is running at high speed, about one-third of the heat in the motor part comes from the rotor, and the remaining two-thirds comes from the stator. The main way to solve the heat dissipation problem of the electric spindle is to use the circulation of coolant in the motor stator to realize forced cooling of the motor, thereby accelerating the dissipation of local heat in the motor.
Lubrication technology
When applying high-speed electric spindles in CNC lathes, a reasonable and effective bearing lubrication method must be adopted to control the problem of uneven heating of the bearings. Modern CNC lathes have high requirements for the stability and precision of the process system. Therefore, it is very important to choose the lubrication method reasonably. At present, the main lubrication methods of electric spindles are oil mist lubrication, grease lubrication and oil-gas lubrication. Practice shows that in the lubrication process, too little or too much oil supply will bring certain harm, and oil-gas lubrication has become an ideal choice due to its good practical effect and high reliability.
Advantages of high-speed electric spindles
As an important component of CNC machine tools, the high-speed electric spindle converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to make the tool rotate at high speed for processing. Compared with traditional hydraulic spindles and mechanical spindles, high-speed electric spindles have the following significant advantages:
1. High speed: High-speed electric spindles can achieve a speed of up to tens of thousands of rpm, significantly improving processing efficiency and precision.
2. High efficiency: The high-speed electric spindle has a higher power conversion efficiency, which can effectively reduce energy loss and improve the energy utilization rate of equipment.
3. High precision: The high speed of the high-speed electric spindle makes the tool movement more stable, thereby improving processing accuracy and surface quality.
4. Easy to operate: The high-speed electric spindle is adjusted by the electronic control system, which is easy to operate and supports remote control and automated operation, greatly improving production efficiency.
5. Wide range of applications: The high-speed electric spindle is suitable for the processing of a variety of materials, including metals, non-metals and plastics, and has a wide range of applications.
Conclusion
The application of high-speed electric spindles has enabled CNC machine tools to have higher efficiency and precision in modern manufacturing. Through the rational use of high-speed bearing technology, cooling technology and lubrication technology, CNC machine tools can perform well in complex processing tasks. High-speed electric spindles not only improve the overall performance of CNC machine tools, but also expand their application areas. They are an indispensable core component in modern CNC processing.
Summary FAQ Based on Article
Q1: What are the key technologies of high-speed electric spindles in CNC machine tools?
A1: The key technologies of high-speed electric spindles include high-speed bearing technology, cooling technology and lubrication technology. High-speed bearing technology ensures the precision and high-speed operation capability of the electric spindle; cooling technology prevents thermal deformation by effectively dissipating heat; lubrication technology ensures the stability and life of the bearing through reasonable lubrication methods.
Q2: Why is cooling technology so important for high-speed electric spindles?
A2: Cooling technology is so important for high-speed electric spindles because the bearings and motors inside the electric spindles generate a lot of heat when running at high speeds. If this heat cannot be effectively dissipated, it will cause thermal deformation and reduce the machining accuracy and service life of the machine tool.
Q3: What are the lubrication methods for high-speed electric spindles?
A3: Common high-speed electric spindle lubrication methods include oil mist lubrication, grease lubrication and oil-gas lubrication. Oil-gas lubrication is an ideal choice due to its good practical effect and high reliability.
Q4: What are the advantages of high-speed electric spindles over traditional spindles?
A4: Compared with traditional hydraulic spindles and mechanical spindles, high-speed electric spindles have higher speeds, higher power conversion efficiency, higher machining accuracy, more convenient operation methods and a wider range of applications.
Q5: What materials are suitable for high-speed electric spindles?
A5: High-speed electric spindles are suitable for the processing of a variety of materials, including metals, non-metals and plastics, and have a very wide range of applications.
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